The Response of First Flowering Dates to Abrupt Climate Change in Beijing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

BAI Jie  GE Quansheng  DAI Junhu 《大气科学进展》2011,28(3):564-572

Phenological data on the First Flowering Date(FFD) of woody plants in Beijing from 1963-2007 are analyzed.The correlation between each species’ yearly FFD and the mean monthly temperatures for every year over a 45-year period is used to identify the month in which temperature has the most effect on FFD. Through further analysis,the FFDs of 48 woody plant species are shown to have advanced an average of 5.4 days from 1990-2007 compared to 1963-1989.The results indicate that 70.8%of species flowered significantly earlier(7 days on average) during the period 1990-2007,while only one species(2.1%) flowered significantly later.Moreover,the responses of FFD to climate change are shown to be different in two climatic stages, defined by an abrupt climate change point.Thirty-three species which first flower in March and April are sensitive to temperature are examined.The correlation coefficients between FFD and temperature for 20 species during the latter period(1990-2007) are shown to be larger than during the former period(1963- 1989),with a difference of around -0.87 days per 1℃on average.The paper concludes that with the warming of climate,the linear trend of FFD variation,as well as its responsiveness to temperature,became more prominent during 1990-2007 than 1963-1989.The data analyzed in this study present a strong biological indicator of climate change in Beijing,and provide further confirmation of previous results from regional and local studies across the Northern Hemisphere.Phenophase variations indicate that the climate is changing rapidly.  相似文献   

基于杂草植物的石油烃污染土壤生态修复   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周启星  蔡章  张志能  刘维涛 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2011,2(2):97-105

在过去的几十年内,人们在致力于采用合适的原位修复技术以加速对现有人为污染的石油烃的降解与净化方面做了大量工作。至今,原位植物修复,即采用高等植物去除、稳定、降解和／或代谢有毒有害污染物的方法,已经成为对石油烃污染环境治理修复的具有前途的新兴技术。杂草植物由于具有大量的纤维根系和极为强壮的特征,因其有助于穿透污染土壤而建立一个强大的根际圈,进而在植物修复方面一般表现为巨大的潜力。本综述首先对石油烃污染土壤实施植物修复所涉及的一些重要机制,包括植物积累、植物稳定、植物降解、植物挥发和根际降解作用,进行了概述和探讨。近年来,在进一步促进石油烃污染土壤的植物修复效率方面,改进并研制了相当数量的实验方法。此外,来自实验研究结果的成功给予研究人员以极大的鼓励,尤其促使人们在田间尺度上实施石油烃污染土壤的植物修复方面做了一些有益的尝试。然而,所有这些工作均存在着诸多局限和困难,有待我们去克服,从而使我们的研究从实验室的尺度发展到田间的应用上。  相似文献   

Ecological niche modeling and principal component analysis of Krameria Loefl. (Krameriaceae)     

T.C. Giannini  A. TakahasiM.C.M.P. Medeiros  A.M. SaraivaI. Alves-dos-Santos 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(9):870-872

Krameria plants are found in arid regions of the Americas and present a floral system that attracts oil-collecting bees. Niche modeling and multivariate tools were applied to examine ecological and geographical aspects of the 18 species of this genus, using occurrence data obtained from herbaria and literature. Niche modeling showed the potential areas of occurrence for each species and the analysis of climatic variables suggested that North American species occur mostly in deserted or xeric ecoregions with monthly precipitation below 140 mm and large temperature ranges. South American species are mainly found in deserted ecoregions and subtropical savannas where monthly precipitation often exceeds 150 mm and temperature ranges are smaller. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performed with values of temperature and precipitation showed that the distribution limits of Krameria species are primarily associated with maximum and minimum temperatures. Modeling of Krameria species proved to be a useful tool for analyzing the influence of the ecological niche variables in the geographical distribution of species, providing new information to guide future investigations.  相似文献   

The impact of African elephants on Acacia tortilis woodland in northern Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe     

E. Gandiwa  T. Magwati  C. Tafangenyasha 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(9):809-814

We investigated the impact of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) on the structure and composition of Acacia tortilis woodland in northern Gonarezhou National Park, southeast Zimbabwe. A. tortilis woodland was stratified into high, medium and low elephant utilisation categories based on evidence of elephant habitat use as determined through dung-count surveys in relation to distance of woodland patches from perennial and natural surface water sources. The following variables were recorded in each study plot: tree height, species name, number of species, plant damage, basal circumference and number of stems per plant. A total of 824 woody plants and 26 woody species were recorded from the sampled A. tortilis woodland patches. Mean tree densities, basal areas, tree heights and species diversity were lower in areas with medium and high elephant utilisation as compared to low elephant utilisation areas. Plants damaged by elephants increased with increasing elephant utilisation. The study findings suggest that A. tortilis woodland is gradually being transformed into an open woodland. We recommended that protected area management in arid and semi-arid areas should consider (i) formulating clear thresholds of potential concern to allow for the conservation of sensitive woodlands such as A. tortilis woodlands and (ii) establishing long-term vegetation monitoring programmes.  相似文献   

污水处理型人工湿地构建中几个问题的探讨     

杨琇楦  施瑶  王忠强  何春光  程明明 《湿地科学与管理》2015,11(2):8-11

污水处理型人工湿地是利用基质、湿生植物协同净化水体污染物,具有良好的景观价值与生态功能。目前,人工湿地的实际构建中,在基质和植物选择、运行管理中存在一系列问题,就这几方面问题进行分析并探讨解决方案和思路。  相似文献   

Do benthic algae provide important information over and above that provided by macrophytes and phytoplankton in lake status assessment? – Results from a case study in Norway     

《Limnologica》2019

To test if phytobenthic algae provide additional important information to macrophytes and phytoplankton for lake monitoring, we sampled two large lakes in Norway. In each lake, we analyzed water chemistry and phytoplankton above the deepest site, recorded macrophytes and non-diatom phytobenthic algae at 20 sites around the shoreline and estimated site-specific nutrient input from land cover. Since no ready-to-use phytobenthos index exists for lakes in Norway, we tested the PIT index developed for rivers, commonly perceived signs of disturbance such as high algal cover, and taxon richness as well as similarity patterns. Both lakes were nutrient poor, but had potential local nutrient inputs (villages, agriculture). In neither of the lakes did phytobenthos indicate a worse overall ecological status than macrophytes and phytoplankton. Our data therefore, did not suggest that it would be useful to add phytobenthos into surveillance monitoring of lakes in Norway. There was a loose correlation between macrophyte and phytobenthic site-specific taxon richness and similarities. This means that macrophytes and phytobenthos do indeed give partly redundant information. High algal cover was found at sites with both high and low phosphorus input. Using algal cover as indicator of site-specific nutrient input is therefore overly simplistic. Urban and cultivated areas were associated with a more eutrophic PIT. This indicates that the PIT, despite being developed for lotic waters, may be used to detect site specific nutrient input in lakes.  相似文献   

Metabolic Profiling to Elucidate Genetic Elements Due to Salt Stress     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(12)

  相似文献   

人类干扰对洪泽湖湿地植被分布格局的影响     

李爱民  高振美  段娟娟 《湿地科学与管理》2014,(3):57-60

洪泽湖具有防洪、调蓄、灌溉、水产、航运、发电等多个功能,人类干扰对洪泽湖湿地植被的影响对湿地管理具有重要意义。分析了人工水位调控、渔业生产及水质恶化等人类干扰对湿地植被分布格局的影响。结果表明:在长期且密集的人类干扰下,洪泽湖水位表现出春低、夏高、秋冬平稳的格局,使得洪泽湖湿地植被表现出明显的年际和年内波动;洪泽湖的水位每年5-6月达全年最低,这使得一些耐涝性较强的湿生植物在挺水植被分布区广泛分布;受渔业生产和水质恶化的影响,洪泽湖湿地植被分布总体呈下降的趋势,随着南水北调东线工程的竣工,还将面临新的挑战。  相似文献   

采煤塌陷区人工湿地水生植物作用分析——以徐州市九里湖人工湿地为例     

邢豪  唐树平  张翠英  刘慎远  王同勋  杨海林 《湿地科学与管理》2013,(1):57-59

采煤塌陷区人工湿地含有氮、磷、重金属等污染物,适宜采用水生植物进行生态修复。通过调查分析,发现九里湖人工湿地含有芦苇、菖蒲等挺水植物,水鳖等浮叶根生植物,金鱼藻、马来眼子菜、菹草等沉水植物。水生植物通过吸附、吸收等净化作用,有效降低了九里湖水体悬浮物的浓度、水的浊度,增加了水体的透明度、溶解氧,有效抑制了藻类生长。  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮对温带荒漠植物凋落物分解的影响     

张瑞  周晓兵  张元明 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):151-158

环境和微生物群落的变化会影响凋落物的分解过程。生物土壤结皮是干旱荒漠区地表普遍存在的生物覆盖，对土壤物理化学性质有显著影响，但对于是否影响荒漠植物凋落物分解缺乏深入了解。选择8种在古尔班通古特沙漠广泛分布的荒漠植物（白梭梭Haloxylon persicum、梭梭Haloxylon ammondendron、黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica、粉苞菊Chondrilla piptocoma、羽毛针禾Aristida pennata、刺沙蓬Salsola ruthenica、紫翅猪毛菜Salsola affinis、钩刺雾冰藜Bassia hyssopifolia），分析生物土壤结皮覆盖对这8种凋落物质量损失率和分解速率的影响。结果表明：生物土壤结皮和植物种对凋落物质量损失率有极显著影响（P<0.01），生物土壤结皮的存在增大了荒漠植物凋落物质量损失率，不同物种的分解率差异显著。8种植物凋落物的质量损失率在结皮覆盖条件下为13.67%~64.56%，去除结皮处理下为13.58%~54.13%。其中，结皮覆盖条件下白梭梭、梭梭、紫翅猪毛菜的质量损失率（46.12%、41.26%、64.56%）显著高于去除结皮处理（35.85%、36.97%、54.13%，P<0.05）。生物土壤结皮的存在缩短了凋落物的半分解和95%分解时间，缩短长度随物种差异而不同，受凋落物的初始全碳和全氮含量调节。荒漠地表生物土壤结皮对植物凋落物分解具有促进作用，且这种作用具有显著的种间差异，地表生物土壤结皮的存在对初始全碳含量较低而全氮含量较高的凋落物促进作用更明显。  相似文献